AND VI

Dwarf galaxy Andromeda VI is the faint grainy smudge in the center. It orbits the famous Andromeda galaxy Seeing these very star poor galaxies around our own galaxy is difficult, seeing them around other galaxies is more difficult. Thanks to all the clouds this fall I was only able to get 40 minutes of luminosity data on this one. I'd planned on 3 to 4 hours. Clouds never let that happen. As it is now moving to where my sky is very foggy at night I won't be able to try for more data until next year. I realized this last month and processed what I had so far then forgotten about it until last night when I was cleaning out the hard drive of unneeded files and moving others that are not needed for now over to the two external terabyte drives. With longer exposure time I should be able to bring out individual stars in this guy. For now, it only shows a grainy hint of resolution. This guy was only discovered in 1998, this is how faint it is! It is made up of only very old stars. Only very dim stars can live this long so it contains no stars brighter than about 22 magnitude. I need more than 40 minutes to bring out such faint stars and better seeing than I had the night I took this shot. Old stars are yellow to red in color making for a rather dingy colored galaxy. There are many distant galaxies in this photo. They are hundreds of millions of light years away to a billion or so. Andromeda VI is only about 2,700 thousand light years away. About the same as M31 that it orbits.

14" LX200R @ f/10, L=4x10' RGB=1x10', STL-11000XM, Paramount ME

Related Designations for AND VI

ARP001

Arp 1 is obviously the first entry in his catalog and falls under the classification: Spiral galaxies: Low surface brightness. It is classed as an SC spiral. The other low surface brightness galaxies in his catalog are all small irregular dwarf galaxies of the Magellan class. This is the one exception. It is about 230 million light-years distant and is in the front leg of Ursa Major. Thus nearly twice as distant as Arp 285 and therefore a far larger galaxy. Though Arp has always argued against redshift data as a distance indicator, making him a maverick or crackpot depending on your point of view. While it is of low surface brightness it was still much easier to image than Arp 2 was. In fact, I was imaging Arp 285 not even realizing it would be in the same field of view. If I had, I'd have moved it down a bit to better frame both objects. It appears to be a rather classic two arm spiral except the arms are thinner than normal. Also, it has a very small core only a few seconds of arc across that is far brighter than the rest of the galaxy. I found no detail in the core, just an evenly bright star ball of population 2 stars. Those are stars that have low "metal" content having been formed for the most part about the same time the galaxy was born, likely over 10 billion years ago. Thus only yellow, orange and red stars still survive giving it the typical color of a galaxy core. The arms, like in most spirals, are composed of population 1 stars like our sun that have been formed long after the galaxy was formed. Those giving the arms their blue color are likely only a few 10's of millions of years old, up to a thousand times younger than those in the core. It was discovered by R. J. Mitchel on January 9, 1856.

Arp's photo of this galaxy with the 200" telescope is at:
http://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/level5/Arp/Figures/big_arp1.jpeg
His only comment deals with the image. He says of it: "High-contrast print of low surface-brightness spiral."

__________________

Arp 285

This is an interacting pair of galaxies that are rather widely separated. The upper is NGC 2856 and the lower NGC 2854. Arp classed the pair under: Group Character: infall and attraction. I don't know what he saw that caused this classification, maybe it is the odd linear feature appearing to spear NGC 2856. Arp referred to it saying; "Narrow tail leads away from north nucleus." Redshift shows an approximate distance of 130 million light-years and is seen in the front leg of Ursa Major.

Each shows some hint of interaction. Obviously, there's that "narrow tail" which actually came from NGC 2854 per the paper cited below. Also, notice that there are tidal tails coming off both arms of NGC 2854. The southern one looks a bit like "smoke".

A paper by Beverly Smith talks about the "narrow tail" from NGC 2856 to use Arp's term. It is not a jet at all. Here's an excerpt from her abstract.

"This system contains a striking example of "beads on a string": a series of star-formation complexes ~1 kpc apart. These "beads" are found in a tail-like feature that is perpendicular to the disk of NGC 2856, which implies that it was formed from material accreted from the companion NGC 2854. The extreme blueness of the optical/UV colors and redness of the mid-infrared colors implies very young stellar ages (~4-20 Myr) for these star-forming regions. Spectral decomposition of these "beads" shows excess emission above the modeled stellar continuum in the 3.6 ¼m and 4.5 ¼m bands, indicating either contributions from interstellar matter to these fluxes or a second older stellar population. These clumps have  12.0 < M B<  10.6, thus they are less luminous than most dwarf galaxies. Our model suggests that bridge material falling into the potential of the companion overshoots the companion. The gas then piles up at apogalacticon before falling back onto the companion, and star formation occurs in the pile-up. There was a time delay of ~500 Myr between the point of closest approach between the two galaxies and the initiation of star formation in this feature." The full paper is available free at the link below.
http://arxiv.org/abs/0803.4218
Images:
http://www.etsu.edu/physics/bsmith/research/sg/arp285/arp285.html
Beads on a string image:
http://www.etsu.edu/physics/bsmith/research/sg/arp285/arp285clumps_labels.jpg
This may also explain Keenan's System, Arp 104.

The two galaxies were discovered by William Herschel on March 9, 1788. Neither made either of the Herschel 400 observing programs.

Arp's 200" telescope photo of this pair is at:
http://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/level5/Arp/Figures/big_arp285.jpeg

___________________________

Other galaxies in the image:

The tiny galaxy on the NE edge of Arp 1 is SDSS J092445.35+492234.2 at 2.3 billion light-years.

Above it, the small blue SO looking galaxy is SDSS J092448.70+492353.7 at 380 million light-years.

And above it near the top of the page is SDSS J092450.37+492513.7 at a nice round 1 billion light-years.

East of Arp 1 the larger slightly orange elliptical like galaxy is the much bigger and brighter CGCG 238-051 with no red shift data.

Eastward to the edge of the image is a pair of galaxies known as CGCG 238-053. Oddly only the easternmost one has red shift data. That indicates a distance of 380 million light-years. The western galaxy looks distorted with a drawn out arm. It appears they may be an interacting pair.

SE of Arp 285 is a pair of small blue galaxies. Left to right they are: SDSS J092424.40+490815.3 and SDSS J092423.29+490821.5. Red shift data is available only for the first. That puts it at 980 billion light-years nor is there red shift data on the small galaxy to the NW of this pair.

Nearly due east of the above pair is the very orange galaxy SDSS J092456.78+490746.6. Usually such a color indicated a great distance and that's the case here with a red shift distance of about 2.2 billion light-years.

14" LX200R @ f/10, L=4x10' RGB=2x10'x3, STL-11000XM, Paramount ME

Related Designations for ARP001

ARP002

Arp 2 is an SB dwarf galaxy of the Magalenic class. Arp classed it as Spiral galaxy: low surface brightness. It is indeed. I used twice my normal exposure time on this object and it was still exceedingly difficult to pull out of the noise. This is one challenging object needing very dark skies.

It is also known as UGC 10310 and is thought to be about 15.8 megaparsecs away or about 50 million light-years away. Though redshift alone would indicate a closer distance of 10.5 megaparsecs or 34 million light years. But at this close distance redshift alone is often a very poor distance indicator. One note at NED is shown below.

"This magellanic barred spiral has rather poor H{alpha} emission, but exhibits a very bright giant HII region to the SE. Some emission can be seen in the north part of the bar and in the spiral arms starting at both ends. The scarcity of the emission makes the drawing of isovelocity lines difficult. It is also hard to derive a reliable rotation curve, although both sides are in fairly good agreement and suggest that a maximum around 70 km s^-1^ is reached at about 50 arcsec from the center. The WHISP HI data show that the neutral gas is mainly concentrated in the two spiral arms. Our H{alpha} velocities are consistent with the HI velocity field, as confirmed by the good agreement between our rotation curve and the HI curve derived by Swaters (1999)."

Some of that weak H alpha emission at the north part of the bar may be why the upper end of the galaxy has a slightly reddish hue. The HII region to the SE is very obvious in my image as the blue blob. Stretching the image has greatly increased its size same as a star gets increased. In the original data stars in the image have an FWHM of 2.8" (better than average for my location) but this "star" was 4.6" FWHM showing it wasn't a star at all. Arp made the following comment about the galaxy and this object: "Low surface brightness dwarf. Large bright knot in arm appears almost stellar." Some of the other blue "stars" may also be HII regions in the galaxy. Their distribution would seem to suggest this is the case.

Annotated image shows galaxies, two quasars and a quasar candidate's distance in billions of light years. One galaxy cluster, MaxBCG J243.92214+47.16785 at about 2.5 billion light years it has the core galaxy marked as GC. NED says it has 14 members. No diameter is given but I assume most if not all the reddened galaxies in this part of the image belong to the cluster. Only the 2 marked galaxies have a redshift given, however. Oddly they result in a distance of 2.4 billion light years. This may be the more accurate figure. So that is what I used.

To give an indication of how deep this image goes I've marked the magnitude of one star on the SDSS survey they list at 22.1 magnitude. Oddly the galaxy beside it isn't listed! I see this quite often but don't know the reason.

There was a horrid flare from a star just out of frame at the southwest corner. While I reduced it, it likely covered up several distant galaxies. This is why that corner is rather bare of features.

Arp's image: http://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/level5/Arp/Figures/big_arp2.jpeg

14" LX200R @ f/10, L=8x10' RGb=4x10', STL-11000XM, Paramount ME, image scale 1" per pixel.

Related Designations for ARP002

ARP003

Arp 3, MCG-01-57-016, is a low surface brightness spiral, which is also where Arp put it in his catalog. It's located in Aquarius a bit southeast of the "Water Jug". Redshift data puts it about 60 million light years distant. Using the Tully-Fisher method of determining galaxy distance based on its brightness and rate of rotation one team says it is about 75 million light years distant. That seems too far. In fact, the 60 million light years sounds too far to me. Hubble should find a few Cepheids in it but it hasn't looked at it. NED classes it as SA(s)m. It looks rather distorted with a large faint loop to the south. I did a NED search with a default radius of 100 arc minutes looking for any galaxy with a similar redshift but nothing was found. This may just be due to this area being so poorly surveyed. In any case, I couldn't find another galaxy to blame for this distortion. It may be due to something it ate leaving only the plume as evidence of the crime.

There are many fuzzy spots in this galaxy besides a few stars. The APMUKS catalog lists them as separate galaxies. But this is an automated plate solved catalog which is rather "dumb" just logging the position of galaxy-like objects. I think it quite likely, given that there are few outside the galaxy, that these are star clusters within the galaxy. All are rather blue as such clusters usually are while small distant galaxies would tend toward the red end of the spectrum.

There's little on this entire field. Probably due to its location in a rather obscured area of the sky. No redshift data is present for the entire field. Nearly all the galaxies are either from the APMUKS catalog or are IR strong galaxies from the 2MASX catalog.

I did pick up two asteroids in the image. The obvious one below Arp 3 is (41031) 1999 UA47 at an estimated magnitude of 18.4. The fainter one is 8.5 minutes of arc east and a bit over one minute south. It is (140880) 2001 VL20 at an estimated magnitude 20. Its tilted up with the high end to the east just a bit more than (41031) 1999 UA47. Thanks to its motion it is rather faint and difficult to spot. I didn't notice it until I was looking up the other and was told it was in the field. A third one is just out of the field to the south.

One of the more interesting field galaxies is to the southwest of Arp 3 two-thirds of the way to the lower right corner. It is just to the upper right of a rather bright orange star. I was wondering if it was a double galaxy or just had a core well to the southeast. Unfortunately, NED shows no galaxies within 2 minutes of its location. Another blue galaxy that was missed even by the APMUKS catalog. Or is it two galaxies? I still don't know.

This image was taken back with my old filters that created blue halos around some stars. At the time my processing abilities couldn't deal with them. I need to find time to reprocess this one but for now, this will have to do.

Arp's image:
http://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/level5/Arp/Figures/big_arp3.jpeg

14" LX200R @ f/10, L=8x10' R=3x10'x3 GB=2x10'x3, STL-11000XM, Paramount ME

Related Designations for ARP003

ARP004

Not surprisingly, Arp 4/MCG -02-05-050 falls under his classification for low surface brightness spiral galaxies. These tend to be very blue. That is the case here. It is quite nearby at only about 60 to 65 million light-years away in the constellation of Cetus. Its classification is IAB(rs)m indicating it is an irregular galaxy with characteristics of both a barred and normal spiral and falls into the Magellanic class as does our Magellanic clouds.

It has two companions. To the east is the very obvious spiral MCG -02-05-050a. It may carry the same catalog number but it certainly isn't related. Redshift data puts it at about 630 million light-years or ten times further away. While an obvious spiral I find no classification at NED. The other companion is star-like and lies on the other side. To find it go to the obvious star directly west (right) then up steeply to the star-like companion. Seeing was too poor this low in the sky (-12 degrees) to see much of its "fuzz". It is APMUKS(BJ) B014555.12-123703.0. There's no redshift data for it but it isn't very likely related to Arp 4 though some papers call it a companion. There are only two other galaxies in the image with redshift data. One is to the northeast of the bright spiral MCG -02-05-050a. It is an IR galaxy, 2MASX J01483906-1222128, and appears to be a disk galaxy. Its redshift shows a distance of about 675 million light-years. To its east and slightly south is another low surface brightness galaxy, APMUKS(BJ) B014618.61-123728.4. I find nothing on it however. The only other galaxy with a known redshift is the bright oval galaxy near the west edge of the image a bit below Arp 4. It seems oddly red at one end and blue at the other. Probably an artifact of imaging low and a change in conditions during the color data collection. In any case it is listed at about 370 thousand light-years. As you likely guessed NED has no classification for it. It too is a galaxy seen by IRAS. It is LEDA 174158/IRAS F01451-1239.

The image contains one asteroid, (256308) 2006 WO185 at an estimated magnitude of 19.0. It is east of Arp 4. There's little else of interest that I found in this field.

Arp's image:
http://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/level5/Arp/Figures/big_arp4.jpeg

14" LX200R @ f/10, L=4x10' RGB=2x10'x3, STL-11000XM, Paramount ME

Related Designations for ARP004

ARP005

Arp 5/NGC 3664 is in southwestern Leo, 80 light-years distant. Arp put it in his category for low surface brightness spirals. Arp had no comment on this one. He also apparently missed NGC 3664A about 6.5 minutes to the south. It too is very weird. Redshifts of the two are nearly identical. All the literature I've seen say they are interacting and the cause of the severe distortion both show. Assuming they are both at the same distance their separation is only about 140 thousand light years. These aren't very big galaxies.

Arp 5 is classed as SB(s)m pec while the companion NGC 3664A is listed as (R)SB(s)m: It looks more like a train wreck to me. Though one piece of the mess turns out to be a 19.7th magnitude asteroid trail. Just to the NE of the trail is a red spot among the blue. That is another galaxy SDSS J112426.03+031315.3, distance unknown but likely far beyond NGC 3664A. So it isn't quite as weird as it first appears. Still, it is pretty torn up. Arp 5 was discovered by Wilhelm Tempel on March 14, 1879.

There are three other asteroids in the image including the "brilliant" 15.8 magnitude Deflotte. It was discovered in 1933 but has no naming citation so I don't know the source of the name. All are marked on the annotated image.

Sorry about the stars. Tube currents due to no time to let the scope settle before clouds were due to roll in. So I started imaging as soon as I could open the roof, which was delayed by rain. I hoped I'd get back and redo the L frames but never happened so processed these. There are ways of fixing this but they are time-consuming so just went with the triangular stars due to tube currents. The brilliant star at the very left edge of my frame is SAO 118847 a magnitude 7, A2 star. So while it is super bright in my image it is fainter than can be seen by most with the naked eye even under very dark skies.

Arp's image
http://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/level5/Arp/Figures/big_arp5.jpeg

Sloan image
http://astronomerica.awardspace.com/SDSS-26/NGC3664-64A.php

14" LX200R @ f/10, L=4x10' RGB=2x10'x3, STL-11000XM, Paramount ME

Related Designations for ARP005

ARP006

NGC 2537 is sometimes known as the Bear's Paw Galaxy. Considering it only has one claw in the center it is a rather deformed bear's paw. To me, a better name would be the Jellyfish Galaxy. It is thought to be two colliding galaxies. If true the bright condensation at about 1 o'clock may be the remains of the other galaxy's nucleus. This is just my guess however. They are located some 26 million light years out. Yet they are very small indicating these are tiny galaxies that have collided. The pair is only about 13 million light years across. In any case this is a tiny pair. The collision has certainly messed things up to where it is impossible just by looking to tell what belongs to what galaxy. Off to the left is distant NGC 2537A at a distance of over a half billion light years. So it is really a much bigger galaxy, just seen from a very great distance.

The galaxy was discovered by William Herschel on February 6 1788 but isn't in either of the Herschel 400 observing programs. NED classifies it as SB(s)m pec HII while the NGC project says Sd and Seligman classifies it as SB(s)m pec/BCD, similar to NED. BCD stands for Blue Compact Dwarf which it certainly is.

Arp's image: http://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/level5/Arp/Figures/big_arp6.jpeg

14" LX200R @ f/10, L=4x10' RGB=1x10'x3, STL-11000XM, Paramount ME

Related Designations for ARP006

ARP007

Arp 7, MCG -03-23-009, falls under Arp's category: Spiral Galaxy: Split arm. It is classed at NED as SB(rs)bc: and has a red shift distance of 265 million light-years. A Tully-Fisher measurement says 19 million light-years. Now that's a discrepancy! One of these must have been made by that famous Chinese astronomer Sum Ting Wong. The red shift measurement seems far more reasonable to me. It is in both the 2MASX and IRAS catalogs of IR sources so is a strong IR emitting galaxy.

There's a small distorted galaxy just 1.3 minutes south and a bit east of it. There is no distance measurements of it. It is in the 2MASX catalog so is a IR strong galaxy. It's also NPM1G -16.0258. 5 minutes north west is the spiral 2MASX J08500148-1632260, yet another IR rich galaxy. It has virtually the same red shift as Arp 7. It is likely in the same group with Arp 7. The similar red shift would support the redshift distance as being reasonable compared to the Tully-Fisher determined distance.

Most consider the blue object on the end of one arm a companion galaxy and call it an M51 type pair. If so NED doesn't list the blue object. It appears starlike in my fuzzy image. Arp's image does show it slightly out of round compared to similar brightness stars so this could be the case.

There's little information on the rest of the field. Only 8 other galaxies in the field are listed in NED, none with magnitude or distance data. All members of the 2MASX catalog.

This Arp is below my -15 degree south limit. I tried anyway. The result is the L images are severely distorted by atmospheric refraction which, like a prism spread the colors along a line. While I could sort of compensate when stacking the color data it didn't help the resolution of the image or the star shapes. I tried some motion blur tools but in my hands they just made things worse. Some nights I can get away with going this low, not this night. The diffraction spread pretty well wiped out the fine detail needed to see the split arm Arp refers to. It is easily seen in his image however. Arp had no comment on this object.

Arp's image:
http://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/level5/Arp/Figures/big_arp7.jpeg

14" LX200R @ f/10, L=4x10' RGB=2x10'x3, STL-11000XM, Paramount ME

Related Designations for ARP007

ARP008

Arp 8/NGC 497, in the lower left corner in my image, is a spiral Arp put in his "split arm" category. It is a bit over 350 million light-years distant. His comment reads: "Bifurcated arm does not start at end of bar." That would indicate he is talking about the southeastern arm that sticks out. It is a long spur of a rather normal arm. A note at NED reads: "Peculiar broken arm on north-preceding side." This seems to refer to the odd star clouds arranged in a rather straight line on the other side of the galaxy. The middle one is listed in some catalogs as a separate galaxy (see annotated image). NED, however, says it is part of NGC 497. One source even lists it as a quasar candidate which I find really strange. The galaxy was discovered by Édouard Stephan on November 6, 1882.

Arp 67
Arp 67/UGC 892 is located along the top right edge of the image. It is in his category for Spirals with high surface brightness companions on their arms. As I've mentioned before the majority of the galaxies he considered spirals made the atlas for companions of some sort on their arms. In most cases, it was unknown if the two were related. Apparently, that didn't matter. The result is that some turned out to be related, some unrelated and some are still unknown like Arp 88 posted mid-September. In this case, there are two possible companions. Which was the companion Arp refers to? Apparently, both as his comment reads: "Comps. lie on inner and outer spiral arms." Redshift puts Arp 67 at about 225 million light-years. The inner arm spiral has a redshift that puts it about 3 times further at 720 million light years. The one he refers to be on the outer arm has no redshift data but appears to be an unrelated background galaxy as well. Arp 67 is odd in that the "inner arm" seems to be a very odd spur. The main arms form an oval ring. At the northeastern end of the bar an odd linear arm goes across the ring then curves around toward the distant reddish companion. The other lies more on the outer edge of the galaxy's disk rather than an arm. This arm, as well as the faint arms or plumes going out of my image at the top, may be the result of a merger with a small galaxy. This seems more reasonable than two apparently unrelated galaxies being the cause. The inner arm galaxy is SDSS J012117.42-003311.7. For some reason, the outer arm galaxy never made it into any catalog at NED but the United Kingdom automatic plate survey. How everyone else missed it I can't fathom. It is listed in that catalog as APMUKS(BJ) B011845.66-004851.5. In both cases, the name is just the J2000 position.

There are several galaxy clusters in the image. One at about 710 million light-years that covers a major portion of my image. Another is mostly in the northwestern quadrant at 1.2 million light-years. Another is centered on an orange galaxy in the southeastern corner at a bit over 2 million light years. The anchor elliptical galaxy is located at the same position as the cluster though the two have two different listed redshifts.

More interesting are the large number of quasars and Ultraviolet Excess Sources which are likely quasars as well. Some are listed both ways, often in the Sloan survey listing. Several are over 10 billion light-years distance. One is listed as a quasar and galaxy and is only 2.5 billion light-years away. Some pure galaxies are more distant. The most distant galaxy is nearly 5 billion light-years distant. It is above center near the right edge.

4 bright asteroids are also in the image and noted on the annotated image. All are bright enough to have left colored trails as often seen in my image. So why aren't any seen? Seems this image is the product of three nights. The luminance was taken the first night. Clouds moved in ending imaging. Over two later nights, I collected the color data, fighting clouds all the way. But by then the asteroids had moved on. New asteroids had moved into the field and sometimes did leave color trails but without a luminance trail I played God and edited them out. After 3 nights I still only had 2 red frames with the third unusable. But then the moon was in the way. I never did get a third red but one each of the green and blue was poor. With the ending signal to noise ratio about the same in all three colors, I quit trying for a third red.

Arp's image of Arp 8
http://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/level5/Arp/Figures/big_arp8.jpeg

Arp's image of Arp 67
http://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/level5/Arp/Figures/big_arp67.jpeg

14" LX200R @ f/10, L=4x10' R=2x10'x3 GB=3x10x3, STL-11000XM, Paramount ME

Related Designations for ARP008

ARP009

Arp 9/NGC 2523 is in Arp's class for spiral galaxies with split arms. Arp's comment reads: "Bifurcated arm does not start at end of bar". In fact, it has several arm segments not related to the bar. It is in Camelopardalis just above the northwest corner of Ursa Major. By redshift, it is about 160 million light-years away though a single Sosies estimate says it is only about 93 million light-years away. If the 160 million light-year estimate is right the galaxy is very large, about 135,000 light-years across measuring its longest diameter out to the far reaches of its stars in my FITS data (174 arc seconds). But if the 93 million light-year figure is correct then it is 78,000 light-years across. I found nothing in the literature to explain the difference. In fact, there's little in the literature on the entire field. Apparently, the far northern sky is poorly studied. For reasons explained below, I will go with the redshift distance estimate being most accurate. In fact, it may be slightly shy of its distance.

Arp 9 is classed as SB(r)bc by NED and SBb I by the NGC project. Most of what I found on this one in the literature was descriptive telling me little I couldn't see in my image. Notes like: "The nucleus and bar are still strong, but the ring is narrower and knotty. Two main spiral arms, narrow and knotty (one with branching) emerge from the ring near the extremities of the bar. Additional, weaker arms start near the minor axis of the elliptical ring (here appearing circular). Note the slight asymmetry." aren't very helpful. The galaxy was discovered by Edward Swift on September 7, 1885.

There's little on the rest of the field. The edge on spiral to the west (right) is NGC 2523B. It too is at a redshift distance of 177 million light-years. If correct that makes it about 100,000 light-years across. About the same as our galaxy but larger than the majority of spiral galaxies. I found no other distance estimates for it. It is classed as SA(s)b: by NED. Most papers consider it a companion of Arp 9 though one referred to the very diffuse galaxy south of Arp 9 that is seen at the bottom of the cropped image as a companion. It is MAILYAN 026 which refers to the Mailyan Dwarf Galaxy Catalogue. I found nothing useful on it. If it is 160 million light-years away then it is 27,000 light-years across. If 93 million light-years is right then it is 16 million light-years across. The larger figure seems more reasonable for its brightness as most dwarfs of the smaller size are so faint I'd not likely see it at that distance. To its east (left) is what appears to be a short asteroid trail. It shows in the DSS images and all my subs so is not an asteroid but a distant edge on galaxy. Really a weird object. Unfortunately, neither NED nor SIMBAD shows anything at that position. But then the vast majority of the galaxies in the image are anonymous.

The only other galaxy in the image NED has redshift data on is UGC 04279. It is the odd-looking linear galaxy with fuzz around it to the northeast of Arp 9. It has a bright linear core surrounded by a blue halo with a few knots mostly on the east (left) side. It is classed by NED as SBdm or a barred spiral with wide arms of the Magellanic type. It is listed at 177 million light years with virtually the same redshift as NGC 2523B. That would make it about 56,000 light-years across which is reasonable for such galaxies. With three galaxies in this field at a redshift of 160 to 177 thousand light-years, I have to conclude that is most likely the distance to Arp 9 and it really is a large spiral.

Only 4 other galaxies of the hundreds in the image are mentioned in NED, none with even a magnitude estimate let alone redshift data. So there's no annotated image.

Arp's image:
http://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/level5/Arp/Figures/big_arp9.jpeg

14" LX200R @ f/10, L=4x10' RGB=2x10', STL-11000XM, Paramount ME

Related Designations for ARP009